Rawlins List 1817

Tamara O'Flaherty
April 6th, 2017
1817, archives, gems, nevis, rawlins list, slave, stkitts

Many have asked us if there is any documentation regarding where the enslaved of St. Kitts came from. To answer that question, we are sharing the return of slaves made by James Blair on behalf of Sarah Rawlins, widow of John Rawlins. This is entered in the first register of Slaves created in 1817. (5 scanned pages and an excel document transcribing the return)

In total Rawlins claimed ownership over 177 enslaved workers. While the majority had been born in St. Kitts, there were 45 who came from various parts of West Africa. We all recognize the Congo as a region. Others were identified by their ethnicity – Ebo (Igbo), Mandingo, Bambra (Bamana or Bambara) and Mende are well known groups even today. There are also lesser known ethnicities like the Boulan, Mocco and Timiny.

Another interesting column is the one showing the jobs that were assigned to the enslaved. Children under the age of six and invalids were excused from work. Most of the workers were sent to the fields. Some worked in the house. These were mostly women who had been born in St. Kitts. Only the men had skilled work as masons, coopers and carpenters and distillers. Also worth noting is the evidence of a hierarchy among the enslaved. Cyrus, the most senior of the drivers had Harriett waiting on him. There is also strong evidence of resistance in the fact that two men, Fortune and Henry both born in St. Kitts had been runaways for a number of years. Curiously Quashy, a 70 year old African of unknown ethnicity, is described as “given up to the country.” One wonders what Blair meant when he wrote that

We are grateful to Professor Maureen Warner-Lewis for the following..

Here is information re the identity of the “Boulon, Mocco, and Timiny” among this cohort.

The Boulon are likely the Bullom from the Guinea/Sierra Leone border. They appear closely related to the Kissi and Sherbro peoples. The Timiny are the Temne, again from Sierra Leone.

The Mocco are from the area of Old Calabar at the estuary of the Niger River in present-day Nigeria. The name is spelt Moco, Mocho, Moko. The people exiting from this area are likely to have been Kalabari, Ibibio, Igbo, Ijo.

Page	enslaver	enslaved	gender	colour	reputed age	place of birth	employment
page 282	James Blair Manager of the Estate of John Rawlins Esquire, deceased and Mrs Sarah Rawlins, his widow	George	Male	Sambo	thirty five	Creole of Nevis	Carpenter (absent since 1811)
page 282		Thomas	Male	Mulatto	twenty eight	Creole of Montserrat	Carpenter (absent since 1810)
page 282		Billy	Male	Black	twenty two	Creole of St. Kitts	Carpenter
page 282		Venture	Male	Black	nineteen	Creole of St. Kitts	Carpenter
page 282		Ventidus	Male	Black	twenty six	Creole of St. Kitts	Cooper
page 282		Lovelace	Male	Black	twenty five	Bambra from Africa	Cooper
page 282		Hamlet	Male	Black	twenty five	Boulan from Africa	Cooper
page 282		Watty	Male	Black	sixty five	Bambra from Africa	Mason
page 282		Pontack	Male	Black	twenty five	Creole of St. Kitts	Mason
page 282		Shemoon	Male	Black	twenty	Creole of St. Kitts	Mason
page 282		Paris	Male	Black	sixty	Congo from Africa	Distiller
page 282		Syphax	Male	Black	forty five	Congo from Africa	Distiller
page 282		Samson	Male	Black	thirty	Congo from Africa	Field
page 282		Sharper	Male	Black	twenty seven	Congo from Africa	Field
page 282		Cato	Male	Black	twenty seven	Creole of St. Kitts	Field
page 282		Allick	Male	Black	twenty six	Creole of St. Kitts	Field
page 282		Cudjoe	Male	Black	thirty five	Creole of St. Kitts	Field
page 282		Venture	Male	Black	thirty	Creole of St. Kitts	Field
page 282		Pompy	Male	Black	twenty eight	Congo from Africa	Field
page 282		Jack	Male	Black	twenty eight	Congo from Africa	Field
page 282		George	Male	Black	thirty nine	Mocco from Africa	Field
page 282		Jasper	Male	Black	thirty	Mocco from Africa	Field
page 282		Jack Patton	Male	Black	twenty five	Timiny from Africa	Field
page 282		William	Male	Black	twenty five	Mandingo from Africa	Field
page 283		William	Male	Black	twenty five	Creole of St. Kitts	Field
page 283		Tom	Male	Black	twenty eight	Timiny from Africa	Field
page 283		Tom	Male	Black	twenty four	Creole of St. Kitts	Field
page 283		Hamlet	Male	Black	twenty eight	Creole of St. Kitts	Stable Boy
page 283		George	Male	Black	twenty four	Creole of St. Kitts	Field
page 283		Quaker	Male	Black	twenty eight	Congo from Africa	Field
page 283		Quow	Male	Black	thirty	Creole of St. Kitts	Field
page 283		Constance	Male	Black	twenty five	Creole of St. Kitts	Field
page 283		Dick	Male	Black	thirty	Creole of St. Kitts	Field
page 283		England	Male	Black	twenty five	Creole of St. Kitts	Field
page 283		Peter	Male	Black	twenty eight	Creole of St. Kitts	Stock Boy
page 283		James	Male	Black	twenty one	Creole of St. Kitts	Saddler
page 283		Hercules	Male	Black	fifty five	Creole of St. Kitts	Coach Man
page 283		John	Male	Black	twenty five	Creole of St. Kitts	House Servant
page 283		Rochester	Male	Black	twenty six	Mandingo from Africa	Cook
page 283		Charles	Male	Black	seventeen	Creole of St. Kitts	Carpenter
page 283		Calia	Female	Black	twenty eight	Creole of St. Kitts	Field
page 283		Cuba	Female	Black	twenty six	Creole of St. Kitts	Field
page 283		Greice	Female	Black	twenty eight	Creole of St. Kitts	Field
page 283		Hannah	Female	Black	twenty six	Creole of St. Kitts	Field
page 283		Margaret	Female	Black	forty five	Creole of St. Kitts	Field
page 283		Mimba	Female	Black	twenty seven	Creole of St. Kitts	Field
page 283		Maryann	Female	Black	thirty	Creole of St. Kitts	Field
page 283		Nanno	Female	Black	twenty nine	Creole of St. Kitts	Field
page 283		Dorinda	Female	Black	twenty six	Creole of St. Kitts	Field
page 283		Dido Delaney	Female	Black	thirty three	Creole of St. Kitts	Field
page 283		Phillas Delaney	Female	Black	thirty four	Creole of St. Kitts	Field
page 283		Dido Johnston	Female	Black	twenty six	Creole of St. Kitts	Field
page 283		Phiba	Female	Black	twenty four	Creole of St. Kitts	Field
page 283		PhillasYoung	Female	Black	twenty eight	Creole of St. Kitts	Field
page 283		Kitty Gilliard	Female	Black	twenty seven	Creole of St. Kitts	Field
page 283		Dinah	Female	Black	twenty five	Creole of St. Kitts	Field
page 283		Sally	Female	Black	thirty five	Creole of St. Kitts	Field
page 283		Ritta	Female	Black	thirty five	Creole of St. Kitts	Field
page 283		Franky	Female	Black	thirty seven	Creole of St. Kitts	Field
page 283		Chairity	Female	Black	twenty five	Creole of St. Kitts	Field
page 283		Violet	Female	Black	twenty one	Creole of St. Kitts	Field
page 283		Elsey	Female	Black	twenty one	Creole of St. Kitts	Field
page 283		Kitty	Female	Black	forty five	Creole of St. Kitts	Sick Nurse
page 284		Nancy	Female	Sambo	twenty four	Creole of St. Kitts	House Servant
page 284		Dinah	Female	Black	fifty five	Creole of St. Kitts	House Servant
page 284		Margaret	Female	Mulatto	twenty three	Creole of St. Kitts	House Servant
page 284		Mall	Female	Mulatto	thirty five	Creole of St. Kitts	House Servant
page 284		Cornelia	Female	Black	seventy	Congo from Africa	House Servant
page 284		Isabella	Female	Black	thirty five	Minnah from Africa	Field
page 284		Flora	Female	Black	thirty five	Timiny from Africa	Field
page 284		Greita	Female	Black	thirty seven	Mocco from Africa	Field
page 284		Betty	Female	Black	thirty nine	Mocco from Africa	Field
page 284		Letty	Female	Black	thirty nine	Congo from Africa	Field
page 284		Pegge	Female	Black	thirty	Congo from Africa	Field
page 284		Ammelia	Female	Black	thirty three	Congo from Africa	Field
page 284		Settira	Female	Black	thirty four	Mocco from Africa	Field
page 284		Pastora	Female	Black	twenty eight	Mandingo from Africa	Field
page 284		Maryann	Female	Black	forty	Mandingo from Africa	Field
page 284		Jennet	Female	Black	fifty five	Ebo from Africa	Field
page 284		Nancy Jouler	Female	Black	forty five	Joular from Africa	Field
page 284		Jenny	Female	Black	twenty eight	Congo from Africa	Field
page 284		Sophy	Female	Black	twenty six	Mendie from Africa	Field
page 284		Belinda	Female	Black	thirty	Mocco from Africa	Field
page 284		Polly	Female	Black	twenty eight	Mocco from Africa	Field
page 284		Belinda	Female	Black	thirty	Creole of St. Kitts	House Servant
page 284		Minnah Nancy	Female	Black	forty	Creole of St. Kitts	House Servant
page 284		Minah	Female	Black	thirty eight	Creole of St. Kitts	Driver
page 284		Colin	Male	Black	twenty eight	Mandingo from Africa	Field
page 284		John	Male	Black	twenty	Creole of St. Kitts	Field
page 284		Louie	Male	Black	twenty one	Creole of St. Kitts	Field
page 284		Frank	Male	Black	fifteen	Creole of St. Kitts	House Servant
page 284		Andrew	Male	Black	twenty	Creole of St. Kitts	Stock Boy
page 284		Santy	Male	Black	fourteen	Creole of St. Kitts	Field
page 284		Nielson	Male	Black	fourteen	Creole of St. Kitts	Field
page 284		Jarvies	Male	Black	fourteen	Creole of St. Kitts	Field
page 284		Julus	Male	Black	fifteen	Creole of St. Kitts	Field
page 284		Patrick	Male	Black	sixteen	Creole of St. Kitts	Field
page 284		Jonnie	Male	Black	twelve	Creole of St. Kitts	Field
page 284		Ned	Male	Black	twelve	Creole of St. Kitts	Stock Boy
page 284		Quashy	Male	Black	fifteen	Creole of St. Kitts	Field
page 284		Alfred	Male	Black	twelve	Creole of St. Kitts	Field
page 284		London	Male	Black	thirteen	Creole of St. Kitts	Field
page 285		Sam	Male	Black	thirteen	Creole of St. Kitts	Field
page 285		Paul	Male	Black	fourteen	Creole of St. Kitts	Field
page 285		Davey	Male	Black	ten	Creole of St. Kitts	Field
page 285		Billly	Male	Black	thirteen	Creole of St. Kitts	Field
page 285		Daniel	Male	Black	ten	Creole of St. Kitts	Field
page 285		Henry	Male	Black	ten	Creole of St. Kitts	Field
page 285		Harvie	Male	Black	eleven	Creole of St. Kitts	Field
page 285		Boatswain	Male	Black	ten	Creole of St. Kitts	Field
page 285		Pollidore	Male	Black	eleven	Creole of St. Kitts	Field
page 285		Pero	Male	Black	eight	Creole of St. Kitts	Field
page 285		Cato	Male	Black	nine	Creole of St. Kitts	Field
page 285		Abram	Male	Black	nine	Creole of St. Kitts	Field
page 285		Philip	Male	Black	nine	Creole of St. Kitts	Field
page 285		Osman	Male	Black	nine	Creole of St. Kitts	Field
page 285		Frank	Male	Black	nine	Creole of St. Kitts	Field
page 285		Cuffy	Male	Black	nine	Creole of St. Kitts	Field
page 285		Daniel	Male	Mulatto	ten	Creole of St. Kitts	House Boy
page 285		Patience	Male	Black	four	Creole of St. Kitts	Child
page 285		Jacob	Male	Black	four	Creole of St. Kitts	Child
page 285		Cubena	Male	Black	four	Creole of St. Kitts	Child
page 285		Blukar	Male	Black	three	Creole of St. Kitts	Child
page 285		Wilington	Male	Black	three	Creole of St. Kitts	Child
page 285		Brunswick	Male	Black	two	Creole of St. Kitts	Child
page 285		Ned	Male	Black	two	Creole of St. Kitts	Child
page 285		Thomas	Male	Black	one	Creole of St. Kitts	Child
page 285		Jick	Female	Black	one	Creole of St. Kitts	Child
page 285		Venus	Female	Black	one	Creole of St. Kitts	Child
page 285		Philistina	Female	Black	two	Creole of St. Kitts	Child
page 285		Elen	Female	Black	two	Creole of St. Kitts	Child
page 285		Joan	Female	Black	sixteen	Creole of St. Kitts	Field
page 285		Amarillis	Female	Black	forty five	Creole of St. Kitts	Field
page 285		Betsey	Female	Black	sixteen	Creole of St. Kitts	Field
page 285		Belinda	Female	Black	sixteen	Creole of St. Kitts	Field
page 285		Beneba	Female	Black	thirteen	Creole of St. Kitts	Field
page 285		Caroline	Female	Black	sixteen	Creole of St. Kitts	Field
page 285		Hannah	Female	Black	fourteen	Creole of St. Kitts	Field
page 285		Hetty	Female	Black	thirteen	Creole of St. Kitts	Field
page 285		Sucky	Female	Black	ten	Creole of St. Kitts	Field
Page 285		Mary	Female	Black	ten	Creole of St. Kitts	Field
page 286		Minah	Female	Black	nine	Creole of St. Kitts	Field house servant
page 286		Betsey	Female	Black	fourteen	Creole of St. Kitts	Field
page 286		Greece	Female	Black	eight	Creole of St. Kitts	Field
page 286		Julat	Female	Black	eleven	Creole of St. Kitts	Field
page 286		Subiny	Female	Black	eight	Creole of St. Kitts	Field
page 286		Tinah	Female	Black	nine	Creole of St. Kitts	Field
page 286		Louisa	Female	Black	twelve	Creole of St. Kitts	Field
page 286		Frances	Female	Black	nine	Creole of St. Kitts	Field
page 286		Harriet	Female	Black	eight	Creole of St. Kitts	Field
page 286		Betty	Female	Black	nine	Creole of St. Kitts	Field
page 286		Pegge	Female	Black	eighty	Creole of St. Kitts	Invalid
page 286		Lisat	Female	Black	seventy	Creole of St. Kitts	Field, invalid
page 286		Nancy	Female	Black	sixty	Creole of St. Kitts	Field, invalid
page 286		Franky	Female	Black	fifty	creole of St. Kitts	Field, invalid
page 286		Betsey Bell	Female	Black	sixty	Ebo from Africa	Field, invalid
page 286		Nanny	Female	Black	sixty five	Ebo from Africa	Field, invalid
page 286		Philas	Female	Black	forty	Congo from Africa	Field, invalid
page 286		Harriet	Female	Black	fifty	Bambra from Africa	waiting on Cyrus
page 286		Kitty	Female	Black	seventy	Ebo from Africa	Invalid
page 286		Maryann	Female	Black	seventy	Ebo from Africa	Invalid
page 286		Sarah	Female	Black	thirty five	Creole of St. Kitts	Field
page 286		Ben	Male	Black	eighty	Moco from Africa	Invalid
page 286		Julas	Male	Black	eighty five	Ebo from Africa	Invalid
page 286		Peter	Male	Black	twenty three	Creole of St. Kitts	Leprosy
page 286		Long boy	Male	Black	forty five	Creole of St. Kitts	Watch
page 286		Billy boy	Male	Black	twenty eight	Creole of St. Kitts	Watch
page 286		Crab	Male	Black	sixty	Mandingo from Africa	Watch
page 286		Ned	Male	Black	sixty nine	Congo from Africa	Watch
page 286		Fortune	Male	Black	twenty five	Creole of St. Kitts	runaway since 1811
page 286		Harry	Male	Mulatto	thirty five	Creole of St. Kitts	runaway since 1808
page 286		Nanny	Female	Black	sixty five	Creole of St. Kitts	Invalid
page 286		Cyrus	Male	Black	sixty	Creole of St. Kitts	Driver
page 286		Johnno	Male	Black	thirty	Creole of St. Kitts	Driver
page 286		Tom	Male	Black	thirty	Creole of St. Kitts	Driver
page 286		Quashy	Male	Black	seventy	from Africa	given up to the country
page 286		Charlotte	Female	Black	sixty	Creole of St. Kitts	Washer
page 286		Total 177		James Blair for Estate of John Rawlins deceased and Mrs. Sarah Rawlins, his widow